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SC Upholds Presumption of Husband as Father in Valid Marriages, Rejects DNA Test Plea

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New Delhi – The Supreme Court reaffirmed the

that a child born within a valid marriage is the legitimate offspring of the couple, dismissing a plea seeking a DNA test to determine paternity. A bench comprising Justices Surya Kant and Ujjal Bhuyan ruled that such tests should be permitted only when compelling evidence suggests that the husband and wife had no access to each other during the marriage.

The court was hearing a case where a woman and her son requested a DNA test to establish that another man was the boy’s biological father. The woman, who had a daughter from her marriage in 1991, gave birth to a son in 2001. Her husband’s name was recorded as the father in municipal records. The couple separated in 2003 and obtained a divorce in 2006. Later, the woman requested an amendment to the birth register, asserting that another man was the child’s biological father due to an extramarital affair. Authorities refused without a court order, leading to prolonged litigation that reached the Supreme Court.

SC’s Stand on Legitimacy and DNA Testing

The Supreme Court rejected the argument that legitimacy and paternity should be separately determined, emphasizing that Section 112 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, establishes a strong presumption of legitimacy unless successfully disproven by evidence of ‘non-access’ between the spouses. Writing for the bench, Justice Surya Kant stated that the law equates legitimacy with paternity, preventing unnecessary inquiries into a child’s parentage.

“When considering the necessity of a DNA test for paternity, courts must weigh the interests involved and determine if the truth can be ascertained without resorting to such a test,” the court ruled. It added that DNA tests should be ordered only when existing evidence is insufficient and when such a test aligns with the best interests of the concerned parties.

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Right to Privacy and Dignity

The judgment underscored the significance of privacy, stating that forced DNA tests infringe on individual rights under Article 21 of the Constitution. “Forcing an individual to undergo a DNA test exposes their private life to scrutiny, particularly in cases involving allegations of infidelity. This scrutiny can severely impact their reputation, social standing, and mental health,” the court observed.

Highlighting the social repercussions, the bench noted that questioning a married woman’s fidelity could tarnish her dignity and social status. The ruling also warned against the potential misuse of such tests, stating that enabling children to challenge paternity could result in harassment of women, causing emotional distress and undue societal judgment.

The ruling was delivered in favor of the man identified as the child’s legal father, as the opposing party failed to provide conclusive proof of ‘non-access’ between the spouses. Senior advocate Romy Chacko, appearing for the appellant, emphasized that the legal presumption of legitimacy remained intact.

This judgment reinforces the importance of protecting individuals’ privacy and dignity while upholding the legal framework governing paternity disputes.

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Poverty in India: A Complex Web of Socioeconomic and Structural Challenges

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Poverty in India continues to remain one of the nation’s most pressing issues, rooted in a combination of socioeconomic, structural, and historical factors. Despite decades of economic growth and government welfare initiatives, millions of Indians still struggle to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, healthcare, and education.

One of the primary contributors is rapid population growth, which exerts enormous pressure on limited resources, employment opportunities, and essential services. Unemployment and underemployment remain widespread, particularly in agriculture and the informal sector, where wages are low and job security is absent.

Access to quality education also poses a major hurdle. High dropout rates and limited skill development opportunities restrict individuals from entering better-paying professions, perpetuating cycles of poverty. In agriculture, low productivity caused by traditional farming practices, outdated technology, and dependence on rain-fed irrigation further exacerbates the problem.

Rising prices of essential goods, coupled with stark economic inequality, place additional burdens on the poor. The wealth gap continues to grow, with resources concentrated among a small section of society. Social hierarchies, caste-based discrimination, and gender inequality further limit access to opportunities, particularly for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women.

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Inadequate access to basic amenities such as clean drinking water, sanitation, affordable housing, and healthcare continues to deepen the crisis. Medical expenses, often unaffordable, drive many families into debt traps.

Governance and infrastructure issues also play a significant role. Corruption, inefficiency, and poor implementation of welfare programs reduce the effectiveness of poverty alleviation measures. At the same time, inadequate infrastructure in transportation, electricity, and rural connectivity hinders overall development.

India’s poverty is not merely a product of modern-day challenges. The legacy of colonial exploitation, which de-industrialized the country and disrupted traditional economic systems, still casts a long shadow. Moreover, frequent natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and cyclones push vulnerable communities further into destitution.

Experts stress that tackling poverty in India requires a holistic approach—investing in education, creating sustainable employment opportunities, improving infrastructure, addressing inequality, and ensuring effective governance. Without targeted and inclusive reforms, the dream of eradicating poverty may remain elusive for millions.

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Chamarajanagar :Lorry, car, and bike collided four boys lost their lives

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Mangaluru/Chamarajanagar: In a tragic road accident at the Gadipura bypass in Chamarajanagar, four boys lost their lives when a lorry, car, and bike collided on Saturday.

The deceased have been identified as Mehran (13), Syed Ryan (9), Adnan Pasha, and Faizal (11). According to eyewitnesses, the boys were riding a bike at high speed on the highway when they rammed into an oncoming lorry. A car trailing behind the bike also crashed into the lorry, worsening the accident.

Mehran died on the spot, while the other three boys succumbed to injuries at the hospital despite efforts to save them. Police sources said none of the boys were wearing helmets, leading to severe head injuries that proved fatal.

The car driver, identified as Srikanth, and another person named Manikanth sustained injuries and are currently receiving treatment at a hospital.

Police have registered a case and are investigating the incident.

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Wild Elephant Spotted at Charmadi Ghat, Traffic Disrupted

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Belthangady : A wild elephant was sighted near the first curve of the Charmadi Ghat on Friday evening, creating panic among motorists and disrupting vehicular movement.

The elephant reportedly remained at the spot for over half an hour, during which drivers and passengers were left anxious. Traffic flow on both sides of the stretch was thrown out of gear as vehicles came to a halt.

Meanwhile, some tourists alighted from their vehicles and ventured dangerously close to the elephant to capture photos and videos. Such risky behavior has drawn concern, especially since similar incidents in the past had prompted complaints to the Forest Minister regarding public safety and animal disturbance.

Forest officials have once again urged commuters and tourists to exercise caution and avoid approaching wild animals for photography or videos.

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